Ngokwezibalo ezisuka kwiSebe lokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo kuRhulumente wase-Hong Kong SAR ngo-2022, iitoni ezingama-227 zeplastiki kunye ne-styrofoam tableware zilahlwa eHong Kong yonke imihla, isixa esikhulu seetoni ezingaphezu kwama-82,000 ngonyaka. Ukuze kujongwane nengxaki yokusingqongileyo ebangelwa ziimveliso zeplastiki ezilahlwayo, urhulumente we-SAR ubhengeze ukuba imithetho enxulumene nokulawulwa kwetafile yeplastiki elahlayo kunye nezinye iimveliso zeplastiki iya kuphunyezwa ukususela ngo-Aprili 22, 2024, iphawula ukuqala kwesahluko esitsha eHong. Iintshukumo zokhuselo lokusingqongileyo zikaKong. Nangona kunjalo, indlela eya kwezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo ayilula, kwaye izixhobo ezinokubola, ngelixa zithembisa, zijongene nemingeni enzima. Kulo mongo, kufuneka sivavanye ngokusengqiqweni yonke enye indlela, siphephe “umgibe oluhlaza”, kwaye sikhuthaze izisombululo ezinobuhlobo ngokwenene kokusingqongileyo.
Ngomhla wama-22 kuEpreli 2024, iHong Kong iqalise inqanaba lokuqala lokuphunyezwa kwemithetho enxulumene nolawulo lwetafile yeplastiki elahlayo kunye nezinye iimveliso zeplastiki. Oku kuthetha ukuba akuvumelekanga ukuthengisa nokubonelela ngeendidi ezili-9 zeetafile zeplastiki ezilahlwayo ezincinci ngobukhulu kwaye kunzima ukuphinda zisetyenziswe (zigquma i-polystyrene tableware eyandisiweyo, iindiza, ii-stirrers, iikomityi zeplastiki kunye nezitya zokutya, njl. njl.), kunye ne-cotton swabs , izigqubuthelo zeambrela, iihotele, njl. Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo ezifana nezinto zangasese ezilahlwayo. Injongo yeli nyathelo lihle kukujongana nomonakalo wokusingqongileyo obangelwa zimveliso zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye, ngelixa ngokukhutheleyo kukhuthazwa abantu kunye namashishini ukuba batshintshele kwezinye iindlela ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nezizinzileyo.
Imiboniso egudle unxweme lwaseHong Kong ivakala ilumkisa ngokhuseleko lwemekobume. Ngaba ngokwenene siyafuna ukuphila kwindawo enjalo? Kutheni umhlaba ulapha? Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto ixhalabisa nangakumbi kukuba izinga leplastiki laseHong Kong lokurisayikilisha liphantsi kakhulu! Ngokutsho kwedatha ka-2021, kuphela yi-5.7% yeeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo eHong Kong eziye zahlaziywa ngokufanelekileyo. Eli nani lothusayo lifuna ngokungxamisekileyo ukuba sithathe amanyathelo akhawulezileyo ukuze sijongane nengxaki yenkunkuma yeplastiki kwaye sikhuthaze ngenkuthalo utshintsho loluntu ekusetyenzisweni kwezinye iindlela ezinobungani nokusingqongileyo kunye nezizinzileyo.
Zeziphi ezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo?
Nangona amashishini ahlukeneyo ephonononga ngokusebenzayo izinto ezinokubola ezinje ngepolylactic acid (PLA) okanye i-bagasse (izinto ezinefibrous ezithathwe kwiziqu zeswekile) njengemitha yethemba lokusombulula ingxaki yongcoliseko lweplastiki, ingxaki ingundoqo kukuqinisekisa ukuba ngaba ezi zikhetho zihlukile. zinobuhlobo ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo. Kuyinyani ukuba imathiriyeli eyonakaliswa yi-biodegradable iya kudilika kwaye ithobeke ngokukhawuleza, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko olusisigxina lokusingqongileyo kwinkunkuma yeplastiki. Nangona kunjalo, into esingafanele siyihoye kukuba inani leegesi ze-greenhouse ezikhutshwe ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwezi zinto (ezifana ne-polylactic acid okanye iphepha) kwiindawo zokulahla i-Hong Kong ziphezulu kakhulu kuneeplastiki zendabuko.
Ngo-2020, iLife Cycle Initiative yagqiba uhlalutyo lwemeta. Uhlalutyo lubonelela ngesishwankathelo somgangatho weengxelo zovavanyo lomjikelo wobomi kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha, kwaye isiphelo siyadanisa: iiplastiki ze-bio-based (iplastiki ze-biodegradable) ezenziwe kwizinto zendalo ezifana ne-cassava kunye nombona zinefuthe elibi kwimekobume. ubukhulu abukho ngcono kuneeplastiki ezisekwe kwifosili njengoko besilindele
Iibhokisi zesidlo sasemini zenziwe nge-polystyrene, i-polylactic acid (umbona), i-polylactic acid (i-tapioca starch)
Iiplastiki ezisekwe kwizinto eziphilayo azikho ngcono kuneeplastiki ezisekwe kwifosili. Kutheni kunje?
Esinye isizathu esibalulekileyo kukuba isigaba semveliso yezolimo siyabiza: ukuvelisa iiplastiki ze-bio-based (iplastiki ezibolayo) zifuna iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba, izixa ezikhulu zamanzi, kunye namagalelo ekhemikhali anjengamayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi nezichumisi, ngokungenakuphepheka Ukukhutshwa komhlaba, amanzi kunye nomoya. .
Inqanaba lokuvelisa kunye nobunzima bemveliso ngokwayo zizinto ezingenakunakwa. Thatha iibhokisi zesidlo sasemini ezenziwe nge-bagasse njengomzekelo. Ekubeni i-bagasse ngokwayo iyimveliso engenamsebenzi, impembelelo yayo kwindalo ngexesha lemveliso yezolimo incinci. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokuxutywa kwe-bleaching elandelayo ye-bagasse pulp kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka okwenziwa emva kokuhlamba i-pulp ibe nemiphumo emibi kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana nemozulu, impilo yabantu kunye ne-ecological toxicity. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nangona ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuveliswa kweebhokisi ze-polystyrene foam (iibhokisi ze-foam ze-PS) nazo zibandakanya inani elikhulu leekhemikhali kunye neenkqubo zomzimba, ekubeni i-bagasse inobunzima obukhulu, ngokwemvelo ifuna izinto ezininzi, okunzima kakhulu. Oku kunokukhokelela kukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ezingaphezulu ngokwentelekiso kumjikelo wobomi bonke. Ke ngoko, kufuneka siqonde ukuba nangona iindlela zokuvelisa kunye novavanyo lweemveliso ezahlukeneyo zihluka kakhulu, kunzima ukugqiba ngokulula ukuba yeyiphi "eyona ndlela ilungileyo" yokusetyenziswa okukodwa.
Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka sibuyele kwiplastiki?
Impendulo nguhayi. Ngokusekwe kolu phando lwangoku, kufuneka kucace kwakhona ukuba ezinye izinto ezizezinye endaweni yeplastiki nazo zinokuza ngeendleko zokusingqongileyo. Ukuba ezi ndlela zokusetyenziswa kunye aziboneleli ngezisombululo ezizinzileyo esinethemba lazo, ngoko ke kufuneka siphinde sivavanye imfuneko yokusetyenziswa kwemveliso enye kwaye sijonge iindlela ezinokwenzeka zokunciphisa okanye ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Amanyathelo amaninzi okuphunyezwa korhulumente we-SAR, njengokumisela amaxesha okulungiselela, ukukhuthaza imfundo yoluntu kunye nopapasho, kunye nokuseka iqonga lolwazi lokwabelana ngeendlela ezizezinye kwiimveliso zeplastiki ezisetyenziselwa enye, zonke zibonisa into ephambili engenakungahoywa echaphazela "iplastiki" yaseHong Kong. -inkqubo yasimahla, eyokuba abemi baseHong Kong bazimisele Ukwamkela ezi ndlela, ezinjengokunikezela ngokuzisa ibhotile yakho yamanzi kunye nezixhobo. Utshintsho olunjalo lubalulekile ekukhuthazeni indlela yokuphila ehambelana nokusingqongileyo.
Kwabo bemi balibalayo (okanye abafuni) ukuzisa izikhongozeli zabo, ukuhlola inkqubo yokuboleka kunye nokubuyisela izikhongozeli ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwakhona iye yaba sisisombululo esinoveli kunye nesinokwenzeka. Ngale nkqubo, abathengi banokuboleka ngokulula izikhongozeli ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye bazibuyisele kwiindawo ezichongiweyo emva kokusetyenziswa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezilahlwayo, ukwandisa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezi zikhongozeli, ukwamkela iinkqubo zokucoca ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokuphucula ngokuqhubekayo uyilo lwenkqubo yokuboleka kunye nokubuyisela inokusebenza kwireyithi yokubuya ephakathi (i-80%, ~ 5 imijikelo) Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse ( I-12-22%), ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli (34-48%), kunye nokugcina ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi nge-16% ukuya kwi-40%. Ngale ndlela, ikomityi ye-BYO kunye nemboleko yekhonteyina ephinda isetyenziswe kunye neenkqubo zokubuyiswa inokuba lolona khetho luzinzileyo kwiimeko zokuthatha kunye nokuhanjiswa.
Ukuvalwa kweHong Kong kwiimveliso zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye ngokungathandabuzekiyo linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokujongana nengxaki yongcoliseko lweplastiki kunye nokonakaliswa kwendalo. Nangona kungekho ngqiqweni ukulahla ngokupheleleyo iimveliso zeplastiki kubomi bethu, kufuneka siqonde ukuba ukukhuthaza nje iindlela ezinokuthi zilahlwe ayisosisombululo sisisiseko kwaye kunokubangela iingxaki ezintsha zokusingqongileyo; ngokuchaseneyo, kufuneka sincede umhlaba ukuba ulahle ubukhoboka "beplastiki" Isitshixo kukuphakamisa ulwazi loluntu: wonke umntu makaqonde apho ukuphepha ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki kunye nokupakisha, kwaye nini ukukhetha iimveliso ezisebenzisekayo, ngelixa uzama ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezisetyenziselwa enye ukukhuthaza ubomi obuluhlaza, obuzinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-14-2024