NgokweNgxelo yamva nje ye-Post-Consumer Recycled Plastics Market Report 2023-2033 ekhutshwe nguVisiongain, imakethi ye-post-consumer recycled plastics (PCR) iya kuxabisa i-US$16.239 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2022 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ikhule nge-9.4% ngexesha ixesha loqikelelo lwe-2023-2033. Ukukhula ngesantya esihlangeneyo sonyaka sokukhula.
Okwangoku, ixesha loqoqosho lwesetyhula yekhabhoni ephantsi liqalile, kwaye ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iplastiki kuye kwaba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokubuyisela i-carbon ephantsi kweeplastiki. Iiplastiki, njengezinto ezityiwayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, zizisa lula kubomi babantu, kodwa kwakhona zizisa izinto ezininzi ezingathandekiyo, njengokuhlala emhlabeni, ukungcoliseka kwamanzi kunye neengozi zomlilo, eziya kubeka emngciphekweni imo engqongileyo abantu abahlala kuyo. Ukuvela kwemboni yeplastiki ehlaziyiweyo ayisombululi kuphela ingxaki yokungcoliswa kwendalo, kodwa igcina ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, inceda ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamandla, kwaye inceda ukufezekisa iinjongo zekhabhoni kunye ne-carbon neutrality.
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Akukhuthazwa ukungcolisa okusingqongileyo
Ungayenza njani "inkunkuma" yeplastiki?
Ngelixa iiplastiki zizisa lula kubathengi, zikwabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo nakwizinto eziphilayo zaselwandle.
UMcKinsey uqikelela ukuba inkunkuma yeplastiki yehlabathi jikelele iya kufikelela kwi-460 yeetoni zezigidi nge-2030, i-200 yezigidi zeetoni ezipheleleyo ngaphezu kwe-2016.
Iiplastiki eziphinda zisetyenziswe zibhekisa kwizinto zeplastiki ekrwada ezifunyenwe ngokusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma yeplastiki ngeendlela zomzimba okanye zekhemikhali ezinje ngonyango lwangaphambili, ukunyibilika kwegranulation, kunye nokuguqulwa. Emva kokuba iplastiki yenkunkuma ingene kumgca wokuvelisa, iqhuba iinkqubo ezifana nokucoca kunye nokuhla, ukucolwa kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuhlenga, kunye nokutyumza ukuze kuhlaziywe iiflakes ezikrwada; iiflakes ezikrwada ke zihamba ngeenkqubo ezinjengokucoca (ukwahlula ukungcola, ukuhlanjululwa), ukuhlanjululwa, kunye nokomisa ukuze kuhlaziywe iiflakes ezicocekileyo; Ekugqibeleni, ngokweemfuno zamasimi ezicelo ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo zenziwe ngezixhobo zegranulation, ezithengiswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwi-polyester filament, ukupakisha iiplastiki, izixhobo zendlu, iiplastiki zemoto kunye eminye imimandla.
Inzuzo enkulu yeeplastiki ezihlaziyiweyo kukuba zishibhile kunezinto ezintsha kunye neeplastiki ezichithwayo, kwaye ngokweemfuno zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, kuphela iipropati ezithile zeplastiki ezinokucutshungulwa kwaye iimveliso ezihambelanayo zinokwenziwa. Xa inani lemijikelezo lingekho kakhulu, iiplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo zinokugcina iipropati ezifanayo kwiiplastiki zendabuko, okanye zikwazi ukugcina iipropati ezizinzileyo ngokuxuba izinto ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nezinto ezintsha.
02 Uphuhliso lweeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo lube yinto eqhelekileyo
Emva kokuba "Iimbono malunga nokuQinisekisa ngakumbi ukuLawulwa koNgcoliseko lwePlastiki" yakhululwa e-China ngoJanuwari kulo nyaka uphelileyo, imboni yeplastiki eyonakalisayo inyuke ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amaxabiso e-PBAT kunye ne-PLA aye anyuka. Okwangoku, umthamo ocetywayo wemveliso ye-PBAT yasekhaya udlule kwi-12 yezigidi zeetoni. Iinjongo eziphambili zezi projekthi yileyo yimarike yasekhaya neyaseYurophu.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuvalwa kweplastiki ye-SUP ekhutshwe yi-European Union ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kulo nyaka ithintele ngokucacileyo ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezinokonakala nge-aerobically ukuvelisa iimveliso zeplastiki ezilahlwayo. Endaweni yoko, igxininise uphuhliso lokuphinda kusetyenziswe iplastiki kunye nokusetyenziswa okucetyiweyo kwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiiprojekthi ezinjengeebhotile zepolyester. Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo yimpembelelo emandla kwimarike yeplastiki eyonakaliswayo eyanda ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuvalwa kweplastiki ePhiladelphia, eUnited States, naseFransi nako kuthintela iintlobo ezithile zeeplastiki ezonakeleyo kwaye kugxininise ukurisayikilishwa kweeplastiki. Amazwe aphuhlileyo aseYurophu nase-United States anika ingqwalasela engakumbi kwi-recycling yeplastiki, nto leyo ifanele ukuba sicinge ngayo.
Utshintsho kwisimo sengqondo se-EU malunga neeplastiki ezinokonakala okokuqala ngenxa yokusebenza kakubi kweeplastiki ezonakalayo ngokwazo, kwaye okwesibini, iiplastiki ezonakeleyo azinako ukusombulula ingxaki yongcoliseko lweplastiki.
Iiplastiki ze-Biodegradable ziyakwazi ukubola phantsi kweemeko ezithile, oku kuthetha ukuba iimpawu zabo zomatshini zibuthathaka kuneeplastiki eziqhelekileyo kwaye azikwazi kwiinkalo ezininzi. Zingasetyenziselwa kuphela ukuvelisa ezinye iimveliso ezilahlwayo ezineemfuno zokusebenza eziphantsi.
Ngaphezu koko, ngoku iiplastiki eziqhelekileyo ezonakaliswayo azikwazi ukuthotywa ngokwendalo kwaye zifuna iimeko ezithile zomgquba. Ukuba iimveliso zeplastiki ezonakeleyo aziphinda zisetyenziswe, umonakalo kwindalo awuyi kwahluka kakhulu kwiiplastiki eziqhelekileyo.
Ngoko ke sikholelwa ukuba eyona ndawo inomdla yesicelo yeeplastiki ezonakaliswayo kukuba ziphinde zisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zokurhweba ngomgquba kunye nenkunkuma emanzi.
Kwisakhelo seplastiki enkunkuma enokuphinda isetyenziswe, ukusetyenzwa kweeplastiki zenkunkuma kwiiplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo kwakhona ngeendlela eziphathekayo okanye zekhemikhali kunokubaluleka okuzinzileyo okukhulu. Iiplastiki ezihlaziyiweyo azigcini nje ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zefosili, kodwa zinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngexesha lokucubungula. Ngaphantsi kwenkqubo yokuvelisa imathiriyeli ekrwada, ineprimiyamu yendalo eluhlaza.
Ke ngoko, sikholelwa ekubeni umgaqo-nkqubo waseYurophu utshintsha ukusuka kwiiplastiki ezingonakali ukuya kwiplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo ngokutsha, unentsingiselo yenzululwazi nesebenzayo.
Ngokwembono yemarike, iiplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo zinendawo ebanzi kuneeplastiki ezonakeleyo. Iiplastiki zeBiodegradable zilinganiselwe kukusebenza okungonelanga kwaye ngokusisiseko zinokusetyenziselwa kuphela iimveliso ezilahlwayo ezineemfuno eziphantsi, ngelixa iiplastiki ezihlaziyiweyo zinokuthatha indawo yeeplastiki ezinyulu kwiindawo ezininzi.
Umzekelo, kungoku nje ngaphakathi ekhaya ekhulile kakhulu esetyenzisiweyo i-polyester ifayibha, esetyenzisiweyo iPS evela kwi-Inko Recycling, iiflakes zebhotile zepolyester ezisetyenzisiweyo ezibonelelwa nguSanlian Hongpu kwiinkonzo ze-EPC zaphesheya, inayiloni esetyenzisiweyo ye-EPC ye-Taihua Izinto eziNtsha, kunye ne-polyethylene kunye ne-ABS Kukho izinto esele zisetyenzisiwe. , kwaye umlinganiselo opheleleyo wale mimandla unokuba ngamakhulu ezigidi zeetoni.
03Uphuhliso lwesiqhelo lomgaqo-nkqubo
Ishishini leplastiki esetyenzisiweyo linemigangatho emitsha
Nangona ishishini lasekhaya ligxile kwiiplastiki ezonakeleyo kwasekuqaleni, inqanaba lomgaqo-nkqubo belisoloko likhuthaza ukwenziwa ngokutsha kweplastiki nokusetyenziswa kwakhona.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuze kuphuhliswe uphuhliso loshishino lweplastiki esetyenziswe ngokutsha, ilizwe lethu liye lakhupha ngokulandelelana imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi, efana “neSaziso sokuKhupha iSicwangciso sokuSebenza soLawulo lokuNgcoliseka kwePlastiki ngexesha le-14 leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu” esikhutshwe liSebe leSizwe. IKhomishini yoPhuhliso kunye noHlengahlengiso kunye noMphathiswa we-Ecology kunye nokusiNgqongileyo ngo-2021 ukwandisa ukuHlaziywa kwakhona kwenkunkuma yeplastiki, ukuxhasa ukwakhiwa kweeprojekthi zokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma yeplastiki, ukupapasha uluhlu lwe amashishini alawula ukusetyenziswa okugcweleyo kweeplastiki zenkunkuma, ukukhokela iiprojekthi ezifanelekileyo ukudityaniswa kwiziseko zokuphinda zisetyenziswe, iziseko zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusebenza ezibanzi kunye nezinye iipaki, nokukhuthaza ubungakanani boshishino lokurisayikilisha kwenkunkuma yeplastiki Ukulinganisa, ukucoca nokuphuhlisa. NgoJuni ka-2022, “iiNgcaciso zobuGcisa zoLawulo loNgcoliseko lwePlastiki” zakhutshwa, ezibeka phambili iimfuno ezintsha zemigangatho yoshishino lweplastiki yenkunkuma yasekhaya kwaye iqhubekile nokubeka emgangathweni uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso.
Ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwenkunkuma yeplastiki yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. Ngotshintsho lwetekhnoloji, imveliso kunye nohlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso, inkunkuma yelizwe lam imveliso yeplastiki esetyenzisiweyo iphuhla kwicala lomgangatho ophezulu, iintlobo ezininzi, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Okwangoku, iiplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo zisetyenzisiwe kwizinto ezilukiweyo, ezimotweni, ekupakishweni kokutya neziselo, kwizinto zombane kunye namanye amacandelo. Inani lamaziko amakhulu okuhanjiswa kwentengiselwano kunye namaziko okusebenza aye asekwa kwilizwe lonke, asasazwa ikakhulu eZhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning nakwezinye iindawo. Nangona kunjalo, amashishini elizwe lam avelisa iplastiki esetyenzisiweyo asalawulwa ngamashishini amancinci naphakathi, kwaye ngokobuchwephesha asajolisa kuhlaziyo olubonakalayo. Kusekho ukunqongophala kwezicwangciso ezilungileyo zokulahla inkunkuma kunye nezixhobo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye neemeko eziyimpumelelo kwiiplastiki zenkunkuma ezinexabiso eliphantsi njengeeplastiki zenkunkuma.
Ngokuziswa “komyalelo wothintelo lweplastiki”, “ukuhlelwa kwenkunkuma” kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo “yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni”, ishishini lelizwe lam leeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo lizise amathuba amahle ophuhliso.
Iiplastiki ezirisayikilishelweyo lishishini lohlaza elikhuthazwayo nelixhaswa yimigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe. Ikwangummandla obaluleke kakhulu ekucuthweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwemithombo yobuninzi benkunkuma eqinileyo yeplastiki. Ngo-2020, eminye imimandla kwilizwe lam yaqalisa ukusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo yokuhlela inkunkuma. Ngo-2021, i-China yakuvala ngokupheleleyo ukungeniswa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo. Ngo-2021, eminye imimandla yelizwe yaqala ukuphumeza ngokungqongqo "umyalelo wokuvalwa kweplastiki". Iinkampani ezininzi ngakumbi zilandela "umyalelo wothintelo lweplastiki". Phantsi kwempembelelo, saqala ukuqaphela amaxabiso amaninzi eeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi, iingenelo zokukhuselwa kwendalo, kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, ikhonkco leshishini leplastiki elisetyenzisiweyo ukusuka kwindawo ukuya ekupheleni lenza iintsilelo zalo kwaye liphuhla ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, ukuphunyezwa kokuhlelwa kwenkunkuma kunokubaluleka okulungileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwemveliso yeplastiki yenkunkuma yasekhaya yokurisayikilisha, kwaye iququzelela ukusekwa nokuphuculwa kwetsheyini lemizi-mveliso yeplastiki yasekhaya evaliweyo.
Kwangaxeshanye, inani lamashishini abhalisiweyo anxulumene neeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo eTshayina lenyuke nge-59.4% ngo-2021.
Ukusukela oko i-China yavala ukungeniswa kweeplastiki zenkunkuma, oko kuchaphazele ukwakheka kwemarike yeplastiki esetyenzisiweyo. Amazwe amaninzi ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho kufuneka afumane “iindlela” ezintsha zokuphuma ngenxa yokwanda kwenkunkuma. Nangona indawo ekusingwa kuyo le nkunkuma ibisoloko ingamanye amazwe asahlumayo, anjengeIndiya, iPakistan okanye iSoutheast Asia, iindleko zolungiselelo kunye nemveliso ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zase China.
Iiplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo kwakhona kunye neeplastiki zegranulated zinethemba elibanzi, iimveliso (iigranule zeplastiki) zinemarike ebanzi, kwaye imfuno evela kwiinkampani zeplastiki inkulu. Umzekelo, umzi-mveliso wefilimu wezolimo ophakathi udinga ngaphezulu kwe-1,000 yeetoni zeepellet zepolyethylene ngonyaka, umzi-mveliso wezihlangu ophakathi udinga ngaphezulu kwe-2,000 yeetoni zeepellet ze-polyvinyl chloride ngonyaka, kwaye amashishini amancinci abucala nawo afuna ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-500 zeepellets. ngonyaka. Ke ngoko, kukho umsantsa omkhulu kwiipeliti zeplastiki kwaye ayinakuhlangabezana nemfuno yabavelisi beplastiki. Ngo-2021, inani leenkampani ezibhalisiweyo ezinxulumene neeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo eChina zazingama-42,082, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-59.4%.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba indawo yamva nje eshushu kwintsimi yenkunkuma yeplastiki yokuphinda isetyenziswe, “indlela yokuphinda isetyenziswe ngamachiza”, iba yindlela entsha yokulawula ungcoliseko lweplastiki ngelixa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izixhobo. Okwangoku, ii-petrochemical giants eziphambili kwihlabathi zivavanya amanzi kwaye zandlala ishishini. IQela lasekhaya leSinopec likwaseka umanyano lweshishini ukukhuthaza kunye nokwandlala iprojekthi yenkunkuma yeplastiki yokurisayikilisha imichiza. Kulindeleke ukuba kule minyaka mihlanu izayo, inkunkuma yeplastiki iiprojekthi zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ngamachiza, ezihamba phambili kutyalo-mali, ziya kudala imarike entsha enomlinganiselo wamashishini angamakhulu eebhiliyoni, kwaye iya kudlala indima entle ekukhuthazeni ulawulo longcoliseko lweplastiki. ukusetyenzwa ngokutsha kwezibonelelo, ugcino lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo.
Ngomlinganiselo wexesha elizayo, ugxininiso, ulwakhiwo lwetshaneli kunye nokwenziwa ngokutsha kwethekhinoloji, ukumisa kancinci kancinci, ukwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nolwakhiwo olukhulu loshishino lweplastiki esetyenzisiweyo zezona ziphambili zophuhliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-02-2024